neonicotinoid

NOMENCLATURE

Common name thiacloprid (BSI, pa ISO)
IUPAC name (Z)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide Chemical Abstracts name (Z)-[3-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-thiazolidinylidene]cyanamide
CAS RN [111988-49-9] Development codes YRC 2894 (Bayer)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Mol. wt. 252.7 M.f. C10H9ClN4S Form Yellowish powder. V.p. 3 ′ 10-7 mPa (20 °C) Solubility In water 185 mg/l (20 °C).

COMMERCIALISATION
History Reported by A. Elbert et al., (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis., 2000, 1, 21) and developed by Bayer AG and Nihon Bayer Agrochem. Manufacturers Bayer

APPLICATIONS
Mode of action Acute contact and stomach poison, with systemic properties. Uses For use against sucking and biting insects, at 48-180 g/ha in pome fruit, cotton, vegetables, and potatoes. Pests controlled include aphids, whiteflies, beetles (e.g. Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Anthonomus pomorum, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) and Lepidoptera such as leaf miners and Cydia pomonella. Formulation types SC; WG. Selected tradenames: 'Calypso' (Bayer)

OTHER TRADENAMES
'Alanto' (Bayer)

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 836, female rats 444 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute dermal LD50 for male and female rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs). Inhalation (4 h) for male rats >2535, female rats c. 1223 mg/m3 air (aerosol). Other No primary carcinogenic potential; no primary developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits; no evidence of a genotoxic or mutagenic potential.

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail 2716 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 30.5 mg/l. Daphnia EC50 (48 h, 20 °C) 385.1 mg/l. Algae ErC50 (72 h, 20 °C) for Scenedesmus subspicatus 97 mg/l. Bees LD50 (oral) 5.3 mg/bee; (contact) 24.2 mg/bee. Worms LC50 (14 d, 20 °C) for Eisenia fetida 105 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Soil/Environment Soil DT50 (6 soils) 7-21 d; soil mobility (6 soils) low to medium.